The Media s Influence On Women Essay - 810 Words

Those media with tendentious views always lead to people deepen misconceptions. The media prefer to use hyper-sexualized images to sell products, ideas, and services keep people’s eyes. In fact, using hyper-sexualized images to sell products, ideas, and services is just good for enterprise, but it will change people’s idea, and keep women in an unfair state. In addition, the media catch people’s mentality, which are people are more interested in what did not know before, or they do not have. For men, the easiest way to realize female figure is from the Internet. Even the media will representation directly by advertising, music, and something else. Men will consider the fact thing is what they see. For women, when they see a woman with great figure, they will consider themselves, and also want to be like what they see. Therefor, they will think the important point is appearance for women. All things like values also depend on her appearance. Due to the media can c hange people mind little by little, for a woman, I think the most useful way to avoid change personal view by media is having women role models and mentors. Models will save women who are in adversity. When a woman lack of understanding, she can use the model’s experience to motivate herself. E4I have a role model whose name is Christine Lagarde. I known her was from once I do my assignment, and I searched lot of background information about her. I found her is really excellent. Based on International Monetary Fund,Show MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Women Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesMedia enforces the social-cultural standards, which women are required to follow in order to look and behave in a manner that society considers acceptable. Newspapers, commercials, posters, magazines, fliers, reality shows, and cartoons only name a few of our everyday interaction with the media (Scholar, C.2011). However, these standards presented by media send a false perception of women, t hus portraying women in a negative and disrespectful manner. Society views woman as mentally, morally, andRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe way the media portrays the female gender is far from realistic, and consequently, the pressure to put your ‘best’ self forward has never been more prevalent. Each time I see a model on the cover of a magazine, or even a slightly altered photo, I find myself making comparisons. Unfortunately, even knowing that most cover images are digitally altered, the question of how my own body measures up still haunts me. Since the average American female will collect over 250,000 persuasive media messages byRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior as well. Women on television are constantly fighting, backstabbing, and being obnoxious in attempts to be recognized in the celebrity world. The media is the leading outlet to the people of the world. It affects everybody whether yo u want to believe it or not. Body dissatisfaction is defined as â€Å"a negative subjective evaluation of the weight and shape of one’s own body†. (Eating Disorders). Body dissatisfaction is very common in women, but more in young girls. The media portrays women as a prizeRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women1909 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent societal views. In America, famous, wealthy women exposed their pregnancy to the whole world. Most celebrities do this through the use of media. The way media revealed child bearing is through nude photos of pregnant celebrities: mothers covering their breasts with one hand, while placing, or holding their baby bump with their other hand. Although many portrayed this act as innocent and beautiful, others claim it is immoral and wrong, believing women should reveal their pregnancy with respect toRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americans sp end about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women creates negative viewpoints with how women view themselves and even how men viewRead MoreMedia s Influence On Beauty Standards Of Women1213 Words   |  5 PagesMedia’s Influence on Beauty Standards of Women There are several types of social standards that are held in the world today. Among those standards are the beauty standards of how women should look. This is one of the most talked about topic of discussions today. It is safe to say that the media is the reason to blame for these undocumented sets of beauty standards that women should abide by because of the types of women that are portrayed through the media. The unrealistic beauty standards the mediaRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Women1249 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history women specifically have felt the need to change their physical appearance in order to be accepted by societies beauty ideal. Social media has influenced women to believe that the word â€Å"beauty† defines the outward appearance according to the internets definition — â€Å"beauty is a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.† The definition itself allows anyone to mistakenly interpret the word â€Å"beauty† to determineRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women s Body1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthe way women’s bodies are portrayed in the media. This also brings about an even greater problem; the manipulation of photographs. The media have perpetuated what is the ideal weight for a woman thus creating pressures for women to be that ideal. Are the media acting ethically by inaccurately portraying women? Should pictures that are altered carry warning labels? One of the biggest media industries to blame for the thin ideal representation of women is the advertising industry. Unlike journalismRead MoreMedia s Influence On Women s Thin Ideal Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe poor and marginalized. Working as a community to help those around you through the good and bad times. Having special concern for those in need. men and women who will live not for themselves, but for the service to God, to make those that suffer have the support they need in order to get back on their feet. Media s Influence on Women s Thin-Ideal Internalization Sociocultural factors, or in other words, customs, lifestyles and values that characterize a society or group, play a large partRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women And Its Consequences On The Society1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe media advertisements promote gender stereotypical images and create a negative impact on the society. The advertisements in any form, such as television ads, magazine photos, textual contents or movies, perpetuate the gender inequality and expect different genders to perform in a certain way only. In her article† Hunger as Ideology,† Susan Bordo analyzed several media advertisements and represented how brand promotions have used gender based identity to increase the demand and desire of their

Which Is More Effective In Reducing Arm Lymphoedema For Breast Cancer Patients Free Essays

string(88) " should be performed in all patients who undergo operative treatment for breast cancer\." Breast cancer treatment involves different aspects like through surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, bone marrow transplant, oophorectomy, and adrenalectomy. With this kind of treatments, the patient may develop arm lymphoedema due to the surgery to remove lymph nodes or radiotherapy to the lymph nodes in the armpit. If lymphoedema is not treated, it will get worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Which Is More Effective In Reducing Arm Lymphoedema For Breast Cancer Patients or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can be painful and make it difficult to move the arm. This complication can lead to systemic infections and localized swelling that will be very hard to bear. But today, lymphoedema is becoming less common. This is because specialists now try to avoid giving women both surgery and radiotherapy to the armpit. Having surgery and radiotherapy to the armpit greatly increases the risk of damaging the lymph nodes and causing lymphoedema. It is important that the patient know about his or her disease and the risk of developing lymphoedema. Poor drainage of the lymphatic system due to surgical removal of the lymph nodes or to radiation therapy may make the affected arm or leg more susceptible to serious infection. Even a small infection may lead to serious lymphoedema. Patients should be taught about arm care after surgery and/or radiation. It is important that patients take precautions to prevent injury and infection in the affected arm because lymphoedema can occur 30 or more years after surgery. Breast cancer patients who follow instructions about skin care and proper exercise after mastectomy are less likely to experience lymphoedema. As management of lymphoedema, compression bandages and manual lymphatic drainage are the mostly used care for such patients. Statement Of Fact After treatment, some things can increase fluid collection in your arm and increase your risk of lymphoedema. These include Infection in a cut or graze, insect bites, severe sunburn, putting too much strain on your arm too early. But this can be prevented by not using your arm for anything heavy until you are told you can, not letting anyone take blood, give injections or take your blood pressure from the treated arm, unless it is an emergency and there is no alternative, wearing gloves when gardening or doing housework, taking care when playing with pets, using insect repellent and high factor sunscreen, using nail clippers rather than scissors and not pushing your cuticles back, using an electric razor rather than a manual one if you shave under your arms, avoiding anything that will increase the temperature of your skin, like very hot baths or showers, sitting too close to a heater, saunas, steam rooms and sun beds, using a non scented moisturizer or oil on your skin each day to help it stay moist and supple, using a thimble when sewing, continuing to do the arm and shoulder exercises you were taught after your surgery. If you do get a cut or scratch on your arm, however small, wash it well and cover it un til healed. If you see any redness or swelling around the cut, see your GP straight away. You may need antibiotic. Lymphoedema can start at any time after there have been treated for breast cancer. It is important to take these precautions for the rest of life. If lymphoedema has occurred already, it can be managed by exercises that help the fluid to drain from your arm, compression bandages or by manual lymphatic drainage. Definition of Terms: 1. Lymph – a pale coagulable fluid that bathes the tissues, passes into the lymphatic channels and ducts, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct, and consists of a liquid portion resembling blood plasma and containing white blood cells but normally no red blood cells. 2. Lymphatic – a vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intracellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ. 3. Lymph node – any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue , are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph passing through the node. 4. Arm Lymphoedema – swelling of the arm and armpit due to the treatment of breast cancer by surgery or radiation. 5. Lymphoedema – edema due to faulty lymphatic drainage. 6. Breast cancer – a carcinoma in the breast 7. Axillary lymph clearance – operative management for disease control in invasive breast cancer, obtaining prognostic information and influencing postoperative therapy including the choice of breast cancer trials. Main Body The management of lymphoedema consists of compression bandages, manual lymphatic drainage, or by exercises but shou ld be done by trained or specialist person. Mostly used now are the compression bandages and the manual lymphatic drainage. In using the management of lymphoedema, the patient should have passed the axillary lymph clearance. Axillary node clearance is the established operative management for disease control in invasive breast cancer, obtaining prognostic information and influencing postoperative therapy including the choice of breast cancer trials. Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/dying-of-breast-cancer-in-the-1800s/embed/#?secret=e4RLxn6N05" data-secret="e4RLxn6N05" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Axillary node clearance can be defined as clearing the axillary contents bounded by the axillary skin laterally, latissimus dorsi, teres major and subscapularis posteriorly, the lower border of the axillary vein superiorly, pectoralis muscles anteriorly, and the chest wall medially. The levels of axillary nodes are anatomically defined as level one (inferolateral to pectoralis minor), level two (posterior to pectoralis minor) and level three (superomedial to pectoralis minor). There are alternatives to level one, two and three axillary node clearance for breast cancer. Some surgeons simply excise the lower axillary nodes (level one), others believe, particularly for small or impalpable cancers, that an axillary node sample taking a minimum of 4 nodes is a satisfactory alternative. Most recently the concept of sentinel node biopsy (reviewed by McIntosh and Purushotham in 1998) has been exciting great interest. Current recommendations, by a range of surgical and oncological groups, are that some form of axillary surgery, and hence axillary staging, should be performed in all patients who undergo operative treatment for breast cancer. You read "Which Is More Effective In Reducing Arm Lymphoedema For Breast Cancer Patients" in category "Papers" It is no longer acceptable to ignore the axilla if performing surgery for breast cancer. The axilla is one of the area with lymph nodes mostly affected by breast cancer and the patient who finished the axillary lymph clearance will then be undergoing the management of compression bandages or the manual lymphatic drainage. There is no cure for lymphoedema, which makes proper care and treatment of the affected arm even more important. Compression bandaging, also called wrapping, is the application of several layers of padding and short-stretch bandages to the involved areas. Short-stretch bandages are preferred over long-stretch bandages (such as those normally used to treat sprains), as the long-stretch bandages cannot produce the higher tension necessary to safely reduce Lymphoedema and may in fact end up producing a tourniquet effect. During activity, whether exercise or daily activities, the short-stretch bandages enhance the pumping action of the lymph vessels by providing increased resistance for them to push against. This encourages lymphatic flow and helps to soften fluid-swollen areas. Compression bandages gives comfort to the patient through giving pressure and compression in the affected area specifically in the arm and armpits. It serves as a support in the said area preventing further swelling and redness. Practitioners may want to encourage long-term and consistent use of compression bandages by women with lymphoedema. Its advantage is in terms of support and comfort to the patient and less invasive. Compression bandages may also protect the extremity from injuries such as burns, lacerations and insect bites. The compression bandage has its benefits such as it is less costly and patient does not need further effort to use it because it is for support and pressure in the specified area. In contrast to compression bandages, another management to lymphoedema is through manual lymphatic drainage. One of the main treatments for lymphoedema is a massage-like technique called manual lymphatic drainage that helps to stimulate the lymphatic vessels. However, massage, the way people generally think of massage, is a vigorous technique that can cause an increase in fluid production. The type of massage that is used to treat lymphoedema is a very gentle technique. Lymphatic massage is directed towards the heart from the fingertips, up the arm, towards the shoulder, and there are very specific directions and strokes that are used in this particular massage. A very specialized type of massage called manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is an important part of the treatment of lymphoedema. To be effective in treating lymphoedema, it is important to use the correct technique. The aim of the massage is to stimulate or move the excess fluid away from the swollen area so that it can drain away normally. Massage also encourages and improves drainage in the healthy lymphatics (which helps keep fluid away from swollen areas). Manual lymphatic drainage differs from ordinary massage – it is very gentle and aims to encourage movement of lymph away from swollen areas. MLD is particularly useful if there is swelling in the face, breast, abdomen, genitals or elsewhere on the trunk. As this is a specialized form of massage, it should be given only by a trained therapist. There are some other different techniques including the Vodder, Foldi, Leduc or Casley-Smith methods. Therapists should be trained in at least one of these. The aim of this massage is to stimulate the lymph channels on the trunk to clear the way ahead so excess fluid can drain away. The skin is always moved away from the swollen side. You will find it easier to start with one hand, and then swap to the other as you move across the body. Before and after MLD, breathing exercises can help to stimulate lymphatic drainage. This can be done by letting the patient sit upright in a comfortable chair or lie on your bed with your knees slightly bent. Rest his hands on ribs and let patient take deep breaths to relax. This exercise should be done 5 times and there should be short rests before getting up to avoid dizziness. Manual lymphatic drainage is improved during exercise; therefore, exercise is important in preventing lymphoedema. Breast cancer patients should do hand and arm exercises as instructed after mastectomy. Patients who have surgery that affects pelvic lymph node drainage should do leg and foot exercises as instructed. The doctor decides how soon after surgery the patient should start exercising. Physiatrists (doctors who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation) or physical therapists should develop an individualized exercise program for the patient. The advantage of the manual lymphatic drainage as management of lymphoedema is that it gives opportunity for open wounds to drain with gentle massage and excess exudates to drain freely without pressure. In terms of the disadvantage side of the management of lymphoedema, it differs also. In compression bandages, there is an exemption in placing it especially if the affected area has an open wound or has an ample amount of drainage in the area or with pus. The pressure given by the compression bandage can even more contribute to the entry of microorganisms or infection to occur. This may cause another disease process to start and give greater complications to the patient. Compression bandages are probably the most difficult problem is in the maintenance and control of lymphoedema before, during and after treatment. Patients may be noncompliant with using compression garments because the garments are unsightly, uncomfortable, difficult to put on and expensive. Customized, lightweight and colourful garments may be an option for comfort and wear. As for the manual lymph drainage, its disadvantage is in terms of the inaccurate use of the MLD of the one giving care which can also rupture other lymph nodes in the area and also as well as the hygienic process in giving the manual lymphatic drainage. Some patients also experience some discomfort on such procedure as the drainage is in its process. The preference in such procedures is by the patient by giving proper education and explanation on each management. Conclusion Both compression bandages and manual lymphatic drainage as management of arm lymphoedema gives comfort and benefit to the patient giving different of care to the patient in relieving such discomfort. Both have advantages and disadvantages to consider but what matters most is the greater care and comfort the patient gets in being free of pain and swelling in such areas which would be very difficult for the patient to do the activities of daily living with an arm that cannot be moved and with great amount of pain being experienced. It also is extremely important to remember that a certified lymphoedema therapist needs to either perform the treatment or educate the patient and/or family members in self-care techniques, once the patient has gone through an intensive treatment program. The therapist will design the treatment plan based on the severity of the lymphoedema. It can also depend on the type of reimbursement patients can get from their health plans. In my practice, for example, we would treat a patient with a mild upper extremity lymphoedema for a five-day period, including of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), bandaging, exercise, and also education in self-care. So by the end of the five days, usually the patient is able to manually drain the limb and follow a home program. There is no greater comparison on both management, the physician orders such management for the patient’s welfare and fast recovery yet this lymphoedema does not have the accurate cure but just the rehabilitation to the pain and swelling to the arms and its surrounding areas. It may be done by compression bandage or manual lymph drainage, it all points out to the care of the patient that lessens the access of infection, occurrence of pain and swelling. How to cite Which Is More Effective In Reducing Arm Lymphoedema For Breast Cancer Patients, Papers

Network and Security

Question: Discuss about the Network and Security. Answer: Sensitive instructions: the sensitive instruction sets are those which tends to interact with the system hardware. Both the control and behavior sensitive instructions fall in this category of instruction set (Pan and Liu 2015). The control sensitive instructions are those which can change the configuration of the resources. On the other hand the instructions that are dependent on the resource configuration for its result, is called the behavior sensitive instruction set. Benefits and the drawbacks of the Oversubscription For the virtualization it can be said Virtualization empowers the servers or specifically the data centers to concentrate on the requirements of business applications. In addition with that the virtualization also makes the resource allocation to the application more complex (Ferdaus et al., 2014). To overcome these complexities of allocation of the resources, the administrators try to oversubscribe the physical assets on a host with the goal of expanding the quantity of workloads on a host. The oversubscription of the resources happens when the requests from the clients for the resource exceeds the actual amount of the available physical resources. By doing this the different resources like the servers, services, storage spaces are shared. While the different strategies are developed to use the resources optimally, its observed that the most of the resources remains idle at the highest work load. So the different benefits of suing the oversubscription of the resources are Proper use of resources: The oversubscription helps in reducing the waste and operational cost of the resources and improving the amount of revenues from the business (Beloglazov 2013). More number of users: By using the oversubscription method for the resources it can be possible to serve more number of customers by proper utilization of smaller portion of the resources. High availability: As the virtual machines are scalable according to the need, if one of the servers go down or fails to serve due to the maintenance the client request can be served by another server resource with the minimal downtime and loss of data. Figure1: Utilization of the physical resources. (Source: Householder et al., 2014 pp-2) Drawbacks of Oversubscription: The process of oversubscribing the available resources is not free from different flaws and drawbacks. Like Performance issues: If the memory is overloaded with the excessive client requests, it is possible that restrains the progress of any other application. Expansive overheads and can truly block and affect the execution speed of the system Economic issues: Again if the oversubscription of the resources is not managed properly then it can lead to the violation of the service level agreement, which is signed between the client and the service provider (Ho et al. 2015). In rare cases if the SLA are legally bonded then it is possible that the service provider organization is forced to compensate the client for not meeting the service levels. This process leads to the economical and reputational loss of the service provider. Downtime Due to crash: It is almost impossible that all the resources in virtual computing fail at the same time (Xiao et al., 2013). In addition with the above statement it is also true that if there is cascaded hardware failure then the total system needs a lot of time to go live again after recovering from the crash. Utilization of resources Impact of virtualization on measuring the CPU, RAM, and I/O utilization The virtualization of the CPU utilization is a complex issue. Since the allocation of the different tasks to the core are done using the Hypervisor than the guest OS. So to measure the CPU utilization the user has to use different hypervisor aware performance counters. This counter can be used to tack the CPU utilization of a virtual processor that is assigned to some virtual machine (Mishra et al. 2012 ). The different components of the hypervisor components are guest runtime, hypervisor run time, total runtime, total intercepts /sec, hyper calls cost, hypercalls/sec etc. RAM utilization: Both in the host and virtual machines the measurement of the memory utilization is difficult. In case of the virtual machines if it is suspected that the memory is leaked or is not optimally oversubscribed then at first it is determined that what is to be checked. After that the counters like, Ballooning, VMkernel, vSphere etc. (Baucke et al. 2013). I/O utilization: In the virtual networks the input and output operations are limited and the users have a limited scope for the I/o operation to the virtual services. Indication for configuration change depending on the resource consumption by the physical machines A server or a physical machine with a low load will run cooler, and have lower chances of failure. Once the CPU achieves the most extreme temperature, the quality of the processes become much lower with higher amount of burdens (Oki et al. 2015). The reality of the matter is that the cooling framework will make fans move speedier and that will raise the likelihood of a disappointment on the fans. There is another issue, with such a high load, if the heat is not taken out of the closed area in an effective way, then the entire server will have a higher temperature, influencing different parts of the virtual system. So for reliable processing and great speed of processing, its recommended to increase the capacity of the system. Indication for the configuration change depending on the resource allocation by the virtual machine It is often seen that the high CPU usage helps in increasing the host ready time and the queuing of the processors too. Moreover it can be said that if the CPU is constantly used at a high rate (like 90%) of its capacity then the service provided by it is impacted. Therefore comparing the CPU usage of a virtual machine with other machines available in the host, increasing the CPU limit, and upgrading the number CPUs or cores would help in maintaining the same level of services by the provider. Justification about the change in the configuration when the resource consumption is 30% As the host installed have the different number of available processors and cores. When the resource consumption is at 30% then there is no need of increasing the capacity. Moreover it can be said that the provider can accommodate more number of requests from the clients and process them Description of the behavioral characteristics of the three instruction set architectures proposed by Popek and Goldberg Goldberg and Popek proposed some requirements that are helpful for a computer system to efficiently manage the system virtualization. They proposed three types of instruction sets, which are privileged, non- privileged and sensitive. Privileged instruction: These are the instructions that are trapped in the system if the system is in user mode and is executed if the system is in kernel mode. This privileged instruction sets are used to separate the user space kernel space.it is required because the kernel space accesses hardware resources directly and the user space do that in an indirect way (Gracia-Moran et al. 2014). If the privilege instructions are tried to execute in the non-privileged mode then the system triggers an alarm and execute that in the privileged environment. Non privileged instructions: these are the instructions that are executed in the user mode in the virtual system. For the execution it requires the user space rather than the kernel space. References Bai, T. and Rabara, S.A., 2015, August. Design and Development of Integrated, Secured and Intelligent Architecture for Internet of Things and Cloud Computing. InFuture Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2015 Bari, M.F., Boutaba, R., Esteves, R., Granville, L.Z., Podlesny, M., Rabbani, M.G., Zhang, Q. and Zhani, M.F., 2013. Data center network virtualization: A survey.Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE,15(2), pp.909-928. Barroso, L.A., Clidaras, J. and Hlzle, U., 2013. The datacenter as a computer: An introduction to the design of warehouse-scale machines.Synthesis lectures on computer architecture,8(3), pp.1-154. Baucke, S., Green, H., Kempf, J. and Tatipamula, M., Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Publ), 2013.Using MPLS for virtual private cloud network isolation in openflow-enabled cloud computing. U.S. Patent 8,560,663. Beloglazov, A., 2013. Energy-efficient management of virtual machines in data centers for cloud computing. Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J. and Buyya, R., 2012. Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing.Future generation computer systems,28(5), pp.755-768.

Maple leaf foods free essay sample

Maple leaf foods is one of the leaders in the consumer packaged food industry. Their operations span across Canada, the United States, United Kingdom, Asia, and Mexico. A few brands they produce are Schneider’sâ„ ¢, and Dempster’sâ„ ¢ which are known worldwide. The company was created in 1961 and the origins can be traced back to Grantham Mills in 1863. There are three groups Maple leaf operates in, Meat Products Group, Bakery Products Group, and Agribusiness Products Group. The first two groups are self-explanatory but the Agribusiness Products Group deals with recycling animal by-products into animal feed, amino acids, supplements, and biofuel . Introduction We are going to look at how Maple leaf dealt with the Listeria outbreak in the package meat products group, how they dealt with the legal issues and how they interacted with the public perception of their company. The focus will be mainly on the nonmarket environment but we will briefly dive into Maple leaf’s market environments as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Maple leaf foods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fours I’s Issue The summer of 2008, reports that Listeria was found in numerous products and Maple Leaf’s products are being recalled. Not only have the products tested positive for Listeria but multiple deaths have been directly linked to Maple leafs products . This brings about two issues we need to address. The first issue is a public perception of Maple leaf and how this Listeria outbreak changed public opinion on the company. The second issue will be in the legal sector, from patrons that purchased Maple leaf meat products and became ill or passed on. Consumers are becoming hyper aware about the safety of their food and any time a company has a misstep like Maple leaf they are going to be negative consequences. Intuition To see how far spread the issue has gone we will look at the institutions that are involved from Maple leafs Listeria outbreak. The media covered the issue with their own viewpoint and brought the issue to the public. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the Public Health Agency of Canada were directly involved in confirming the presence of the listerosis bacteria . Any wholesaler or grocery store will have to track down Maple leaf products and send them back. The suppliers to the Maple leaf plants would have to wait until the meat packing plants were up and running again. Direct buyers of Maple leaf products such as hospitals and nursing homes have a tough time dealing with the issue. The publics sentiment of Maple leaf and how to handle this issue also can be considered an institution. Canadas federal government was also affected with the idea of amending the food and drugs act. Interest Groups The interest groups that were involved were as follows; trial lawyers, taxpayers, citizens that were directly affected by the Listeria outbreak, consumers of Maple leaf products and other producers in Maple leafs industry. The trial, lawyers, taxpayers, citizens and consumers were directly affected by the Listeria outbreak. The other producers in Maple leaf’s industry were indirectly affected because stigma brought in by this issue. Information Over 220 products were recalled by Maple leaf and it is estimated that the recall will cost Maple leaf $20 million Hundreds of people had fallen ill from the contaminated products and 23 people had died from Listeria related illness. In January 2009 a $27 million settlement was negotiated to pay to the victims and families of those affected by the Listeria outbreak. After heavy testing of Maple leaf’s products 30, out of a possible 841 product samples tested positive for Listeria. The food and drugs act was looked considered to be amended so that sodium acetate could be added as a preservative in the production of these foods . Sodium acetate would greatly decrease the chance of Listeria from being present in ready-to-eat meats. We define this issue as a moral hazard which creates almost 100% liability by Maple leaf to rectify this problem and to compensate those involved. Since this incident ranked high in intrinsic audience interest and had intensive coverage the story made it across the nation and the world. Market Maple leaf’s market environment is pretty standard for a company that sells consumer packaged food. They sell their product on a global scale and use mass media such as TV commercials and online ads to market their product . They are a publicly traded company and their success comes from the quality of their food and their innovative distribution channels. The company is not afraid of acquiring existing establishments to grow its product lines. In 1992, Maple leaf foods buys at 40% stake in McGavin foods which was a producer of bread and rolls for major grocery chains. There seems to be growing pattern of Maple leaf wanting to expand its company. They proposed building the 385,000 ft.? bakery and 402,000 ft.? meat processing plant in Hamilton Ontario. It is clear that the company is a driving force in the global market and shows no sign of slowing down. When it came for Maple leaf to respond to the issue, they were very quick to act and addressed the issue right away. They almost had a similar incident in 2009 where they voluntarily recalled 26,000 hot dogs that had might have been contaminated (Maple Leaf Recall, 2009). This shows how quick to act the company has become to protect its customers. Non Market Since Maple leaf has become such a large organization they have the ability to give back to the community. They sponsor hundreds of events across numerous communities advocating and helping hunger issues. Even before the incident in 2008 Maple leaf was trying to bring about innovation in the field. In 2004, Maple leaf began tracing the DNA from the package meat products from the farm to your plate. This initiative was to prevent enormous political and economic risk if one of their products were to cause problems within or outside Canada. They also called for other meatpacking plants to do the same and which would bring about a high level of safety in industryTo further build on this idea in 2006 Maple leaf brought about their â€Å"40 steps to food safety† program. These 40 steps were meant to exceed government regulation and bring about transparency and traceability of their products. Since anything related to the food industry rates high in societal significance it only makes sense for Maple leaf to continue with this pattern. Integrated strategy The two practices Maple leaf uses to integrate the market and nonmarket activities are promoting the high quality of their goods mixed with promoting their high safety standards. These two areas work well together in promoting a strong brand image and to stay in the right side of public sentiment. They also tie in their practices of supporting communities who need help with hunger issues with in the major markets where they distribute their products. It is a smart move since, they are branching out globally and communities not only want to bring them in for the high quality products but also to help the less fortunate in their communities. You can also tie in Maple leaf’s quest for high safety standards directly from the nonmarket environment to the market environment by their actions to try to change the whole industry and their interactions in the regulatory field to change laws to increase safety. This shows leadership in the industry and makes Maple leaf look very proactive in the public eye. Repositioning From an overall standpoint, Maple leaf has been quite present in the nonmarket environment and their position on their integrated strategy seems to be an effective method. That doesnt mean they are perfect. There are some areas that they can improve on. Their focus on creating innovative safety practices is good, but their application in the nonmarket environment could be improved upon. Instead of just targeting the whole industry and the safety practices they should focus a little more on consumer level food safety. They should partner with more schools to help improve education in food safety and also improve the food preparation facilities within the schools. Their targeting of safety at home seems to be a little too broad and could see more focus. The work they do on improving the safety of their industry also needs to be made more public and their successes should be showcased. It took too much digging to find information on Maple leaf’s actions on improving safety within the industry. Their involvement with the regulatory bodies within Canada should be increased and they should also be more active in other countries laws of other countries in regards to food safety in their industry. Conclusion Maple leaf response to the listeria outbreak was done in a timely fashion and was dealt with appropriately. They admitted their liability and compensated the appropriate parties. They not only talked about their own faults but shifted some of the focus to the industry as a whole to limit less attention to them directly. Their nonmarket strategy was handled somewhat effectively by being proactive before and after the incident. When it came to product safety. The innovative work they did recommend to the industry should have been celebrated and should of have been made more public . Their work with helping communities around the world with hunger problems is an effective strategy but more promotion is needed. As stated before, direct interaction in schools promoting food safety would be, more effective means of positioning in the nonmarket environment. An incident like this most likely would have ruined some companies, but the effective response by Maple leaf allowed them to recover and slowly become a global leader in their industry.

Media Violence and American Youth essays

Media Violence and American Youth essays Generation Numb: Bouncing Violence off the Brains of Americas Youth Imagine a generation of young people who are shocked by nothing. Imagine a group of young people who have seen and can bear the grotesque and unnecessarily violent to the point where they consider it the norm. This is my generation, born between 1981 and 1985, which I like to call generation numb. Through movies, music, and other media my peers have been bombarded by carefully marketed, gratuitous violence, and with each viewing of such violence it becomes more and more difficult to shock us. However, the corporate media is more than happy to meet our new shock levels if a profit can be made. My generation is becoming increasingly indifferent to violent acts which should disturb us, and our sense of reality is breaking down, creating peril for my peers in the present and the future. We tolerate violence and, in the process, become more violent ourselves. The root of this desensitization lies not so much in the violence of war, which my generation did not truly begin to experience until recently, but gratuitous violence. Gratuitous violence is fighting or gore which is uncalled-for, unjustified, of without need or cause. (violence.). This violence, often appearing in movies, music, or on television, differs from the violence of war in that sectarian violence has an apparent purpose. The real violence of war or in the impoverished areas of the inner city is naturally less fantastic and less glorified than the violence of, for instance, a summer action blockbuster with huge explosions and shootouts where the good guys never seem to be shot. Violence in the real world has consequences. Violence on film and television often goes unpunished. This fantasy violence had appeared in films for decades. But in the late seventies and early eighties, the sharp increase in...

Analyzing the Impact of the Audis Daughter Ads to the 51st Super Bowl

Analyzing the Impact of the Audi's Daughter Ads to the 51st Super Bowl Audi’s â€Å"Daughter† Anyone who watches the news or goes on the internet or even just has friends knows that the United States is going through tough times now. A change in the presidency has put people in arms and riots and marches have broken out all across this great land. This nation has never been more divided. Which is what fueled many ads for the 51st Super Bowl including Audi’s â€Å"Daughter†. As a young blonde girl races through the street against her male friends, her father voices over his thoughts of the importance of her. He worries over how he will tell her what she is worth, specifically as a woman. She wins the race, and the father hopes for a future where people are not judged by their gender but by who they are on the inside. As the United States has broken out in multiple women’s marches across the country there is no better time than now to come out with a commercial that promotes women. As we dive deeper into this commercial and discover why it is popular we first must look at whether it is a central route or peripheral route. Because of the main message behind the blog and how it makes the audience feel I believe that it is a central route. There are no famous people or comical jokes, it’s a deep message that the audience gets behind. I feel that when ads try to go down this â€Å"route† they can either be a hit or miss. You can make everyone like your commercial if you add in a lot of famous people, beautiful pictures, or comedic effects. But if you have a deep message and most people don’t agree with it, then your commercial is surely going to fall flat. We all have â€Å"attitudes† towards ideas, specifically political ones like feminism. Luckily â€Å"girl power† is very strong right now, and the majority attitude towards it is a positive one, which is why this ad is popular. This commercial is definitely not about the â€Å"steak† and it’s not really about the â€Å"sizzle† either. We only briefly see the car at the end of the ad, the commercial is more about what that brand is for. Like coke is for happiness and friendship, Audi is for specifically â€Å"Equal pay†, and it also generally gives us the feel that it is for equality. That type of brand is something that people can get behind since they feel like they too are promoting equality. Which is why this commercial on is fulfilling â€Å"self-actualization† on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. We want to good people who change things in the world and make it for the better. And if we join this ‘brand’ we can say that we are changing the world. This ad has positive oriented motives. It gives us a sense of hope as the man is at first worried that he won’t be able to tell his daughter all that she is truly worth, but then as the ad plays through he dreams of a day where girls are not worth any less than guys, and considers that that day is almost here. All of us has a mother or sister, if we are selves are not girls. When we consider our interpersonal influences we are all affected by equal pay and gender equality. And our culture, especially at this time in our nation’s history, is really pushing for it too. It might not seem obvious that an ad is more than just funny jokes or famous faces. Whether serious or funny, ads do things for a reason. They research their target audience thoroughly and strive to get into their mind and give them something that the viewers themselves didn’t even know what they wanted. We could have just gotten videos of women’s marches and Audi cars driving through supporting the events. Audi could have come out with so many other options, but instead, they gave us a father worrying about his young daughter. It’s almost like a call to action. She’s young, and she doesn’t realize that she may be worth less than her boy counterparts, but she doesn’t have worry about that. Because we can fix it. And that is what Audi sold to their audience.

Topic Selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic Selection - Assignment Example The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the dangers of identity theft and how to prevent identity theft. The purpose of this topic is to illustrate the dangers of identity theft and how to prevent it. It will provide guidelines through which one can prevent identity theft and other crimes that are usually accompanied / associated with identity theft. It may be difficult to prevent this crime completely, but there are ways to contribute to its reduction. Identity theft can go for several days or even months unnoticed. This is due to the advancing of technology and skills. Victims of identity theft can be greatly affected financially, emotionally and sometimes physically. This is because once one is able to impersonate his victim, they can do whatever they want to them. Cases of identity theft need to be dealt with to prevent this stress. Thieves have discovered a way of accessing their victim’s emails and details which enable them to monitor their daily routine. In 2010, an article â€Å"Cyber Crime Made Easy" illustrated and brought out clearly how hackers used malicious software to access their victims details. There are several types of identity fraud; the most common type of them is credit card fraud. This is a short term fraud as the thief will be recognized faster by the credit card issuing company even before the owner knows about it (Keene, 2009). The internet contains a wealth of information. This is because of its versatility as it is used as a tool in performing social and economic activities. It is for this reason that the internet has been found to play a major role as a root for identity theft as hackers use it to acquire their victims’ personal information. In the past years, the rate of online shopping has been increasing. This has made it even easier for hackers to obtain peoples personal information such as; financial records, social security numbers, credit card numbers and

Travelocity SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Travelocity SWOT Analysis - Essay Example We market these net rate offerings to travelers at a price that includes service fees that we retain, plus an amount sufficient to pay the travel supplier for its charge for providing the travel accommodations, along with any applicable occupancy and other local taxes on that charge. For this type of business model, we require pre-payment by the traveler at the time of booking. High customer acquisition costs, as the marketing and promotional costs are quite high to deal with and it is challenging to upgrade the features of online portal quite often. A new feature from competitor keep Travelocity on toes as it may deviate Travelocity's customers. Customers may reduce transactions through our distribution channels, which could reduce Travelocity revenues: business segments have objectives that lead to conflicts with customers of other business segments related to parent company "Sabre". For example, Travelocity and Travelocity Business operations compete with travel-agency subscribers of Sabre Travel Network. That competition could cause current or potential travel agency subscribers to elect to use competing GDS providers, websites or other channels of travel distribution, which could reduce our transaction fee revenue and materially adversely affect our business. Opportunities: Sustainable global corporate customers' growth creates an opportunity to provide right customer experience and extend the corporate associations for a long period of time. As travel industry is extremely competitive, companies have to target to retain their most valuable clients. Along with retaining clients it has to look out for new clients & markets for considerable growth opportunity. Opportunities to explore the new markets as the internet penetration in developing countries is on raise and E-Commerce is evolving tool for travel purchase. Countries like India where internet penetration is picking up at rapid pace have to be explored with aggressive marketing and promotional strategies. Opportunities exist for online booking for rail and road travel across the globe as it is the basic mode of the common man's travel. Threats: Economic downturns, rising fuel costs and the financial instability of travel suppliers in recent times have bought the confidence levels of travel markets to an all time low. Political instability, acts of terrorism, hostilities and war have created a negative perception on the travelers mind

Human - Meaning of life Essay Example for Free

Human Meaning of life Essay ?I really have to give credit for my religion beliefs for my search on the meaning of life. I’m a fully baptized Catholic, and a part of God’s Church. 17 years of being a Catholic and in search of the meaning of life, I have always thought it is about the Call to Holiness. My religion taught me that being a part of God’s Church is no accident, but because God wanted to share in His own blessed life, and in doing so He wanted me to desire serve Him freely by following His will. And by following his will, God will grant me eternal happiness which will lead to my salvation. All Catholics knew that God sent His son, Jesus, to set an example for us. Jesus showed the perfect example answered the call to Holiness. He showed us that we should love our neighbors as God showed His love for us; and that is what the Call to Holiness is. In search for the true meaning of life, it will take plenty of years, but for now I plan to stick with what my religion has taught me. Carl Rogers Carl Rogers emphasized focused on self-actualization. He believed that a person should develop his/her potential to the fullest, and in good condition. In doing so, the environment of a person should be inherently good. A person will only stop developing if constraints block the development. A fully developed person shows that he/she achieved the highest level of being a right fully-functioning human being. Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi, which means â€Å"great soul,† was an ideologist during the Independent movement of India from the British. As an ideological leader he believed violence should never be an answer to fight for his people’s rights, and should never take discrimination. He also believed that harmony, truth equality exists between all religions. With these 2 influential personas, I have noticed similarities between them. They both talk about human beings having a common good inside of them. They emphasized that all humans were born good, but because of destructive environment, they tend to turn their backs on what is right. Sources: http://www. simplypsychology. org/carl-rogers. html http://www. ask. com/question/what-were-gandhi-s-beliefs.

Camera Phones Trigger Controversy Essay -- Communication Technology Ce

Camera Phones Trigger Controversy When Catherine Zeta Jones appeared in a television commercial, she was one of the first to advertise one of the newest additions to a cell phone: the camera phone. The purpose of the commercial was to show how convenient, compact and useful such an apparatus could turn out to be. The theory is quite simple, basically combining a cell phone and a digital camera into one gadget. Major cellular companies like Nokia, Samsung and Sanyo observed how popular digital cameras were becoming, and decided to integrate it with one device most Americans find a necessity and not a luxury; the cell phone. No sooner than the phones hit the market, did the stores sell out of the phone. In 2002 An estimated 16 million camera phones were sold worldwide, with 5 million of those being in the U.S. (strategyanalytics). The camera phone had become a hit. Not even a few months after the release of the phone did controversy hit. What appeared to be a harmless little tech device left some people feeling invaded. Apparently, the phones picture-taking ability was being exploited to covertly photograph individuals with out their consent. In addition to people, certain places could not be captured on disk that usually prohibit photography. This can then allow the picture taker to post these pictures on the internet, sell them, or blackmail people for favors. The question that then must be asked is how is a camera phone any different than any other form of surveillance where your picture is taken? This is a very difficult question to answer and one that will be addressed in a legal sense. After all, having your picture taken by a camera phone or by a hidden camera in a shopping mall could be the s... ...: Look At Me† Ctnow: Technology March 2, 2003 http://www.ctnow.com/technology/hc-camphones.artfeb,27,0,5168365 (2) Batista, Elisa. â€Å"New Privacy Menace: Cell Phones?† WiredNews March 3, 2003 http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,57692,00.html (3) Lacey, Eugene. â€Å"Smile! You’ve just been caught out on camera phone† ZDNet UK Febuary 28, 2003 http://comment.zdnet.co.uk/story/0,,t527-s2122702-pl,00.html (4) â€Å"STRATEGY ANALYTICS: 10 MILLION CELLULAR CAMERA PHONES SOLD WORLDWIDE THROUGH Q3 2002† March 3, 2003 http://www.strategyanalytics.com/press/PR00026.htm (5) Greenspan, Robin. â€Å"The digital imaging big picture† Cyberatlas Hardware March 2, 2003 http://cyberatlas.internet.com/big_picture/hardware/article/0,,5921_1546341,00.html (6) Jones, Rob. â€Å"Saudi phone ban may be lifted† vnunet March 4, 2003 http://www.vnunet.com/news/1337796

Death of Salesman Analysis Essay

Women assume various roles in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. Mainly we find them in the home, or the â€Å"workplace†. For us, they serve as windows to observe and formulate an opinion of the main character, Willy Loman and his boys Happy and Biff. For reference, the women include, Linda Loman (Willy’s wife) the boy’s childhood and current girls/women, â€Å"The Woman† (Willy’s mistress), and Jenny (Charley’s secretary). Notably, there are several aspects that unify these women. First, they are subordinate to the men; second, they are emotionally or materially dependent; third, the men are mutually dependent on the women for emotional or physical needs; and fourth, they serve as male ego supporters. Moreover, the women are portrayed as weak. Granted, societal views of women’s roles have drastically changed over the past seven decades, the women’s characters in Death of Salesman have not. Miller skillfully navigates us through the past and present in order to capture a complete image of Willy’s life. I will attempt to do the same with Linda Loman. I selected her because of her distinctive propensity to be overly protective of Willy. My intention is not to understate the relevance of the other women. Yet, my focus on Linda is based on my opinion that she is the central female figure and best ambassador to reveal Willy’s dynamic nature. Willy: â€Å"You’re my foundation and support, Linda.† (1216) We are introduced to Linda in the present. For the time and even for today, she is the ideal American wife. Caring, nurturing, supportive, and loyal to her husband and children. Yet, today, one may say overly supportive. A captive of the time period, she is limited; and therefore, emotionally and financially dependent on her husband. While here, we are able to feel her comforting and sheltering nature. She selflessly protects Willy from his insecure thoughts, his children, and acknowledging his financial failures. Yet, she cannot guard him from his depression and suicidal attempts and ideations. The scene opens with Willy prematurely returning from a sales trip. He is explaining to Linda that he could not maintain mental focus and that the car kept veering off onto the shoulder of the road. As we will come to know, she is well aware that Willy’s mental status is declining. She deflects the blame by saying, â€Å"Oh. Maybe it was the steering again. I don’t think Angelo knows the Studebaker.† (1213) Willy accepts responsibility, â€Å"No, it’s me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1214) Nonetheless, she continues to divert the cause by saying, â€Å"Maybe it’s your glasses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1214) Her well-intended effort to be supportive is unfortunately enabling Willy’s serious â€Å"nervous breakdown† to be ignored. In the literary sense, it is an example of situational irony. Her intention to be helpful is not actually helping. For us, it is in this moment with Linda, that we immediately realize that Willy is undergoing serious internal and exter nal stress. It is manifesting into depression, mumbling, mental and physical wandering, and severe depression. It will proliferate throughout the play, and tragically, be the cause of his final decision. During their conversation we are also introduced to the adult boys, Biff and Happy. Linda informs Willy that the boys are both sleeping, and that, â€Å"Happy took Biff on a date tonight.† (1214) The report automatically generates interest in Willy. Which, we can translate to mean, Willy is in favor of his boys being in the company of women. As the conversation continues we are made aware of the tension that exists between Willy and his oldest son, Biff. As well, Linda let’s us know that Willy has a temper. She tells him, â€Å"You shouldn’t have criticized him, Willy, especially after he just got off the train. You mustn’t lose your temper with him.† (1215) For me, his temper is validated by his response, â€Å"When the hell did I lose my temper?† (1215) Typically, a non-temperamental person would not respond in that manner. As they continue on the topic of Biff, we get the first glimpse of Willy’s contradictory nature. At one moment Willy says, â€Å"Biff is a lazy bum!† (1215) While in a follow up comment he says, â€Å"Biff Loman is lost. In the greatest country in the world a young man with such—personal attractiveness, gets lost. And such a hard worker. There’s one thing about Biff—he’s not lazy.† (1215) Well, which is it? Is Biff lazy, or not? Willy’s contradictory tendency will be further exemplified. I find a touch of comical irony, when prior to going to the kitchen, for a glass of milk, he asks, â€Å"Why am I always being contradicted? (1215) While in the kitchen, we go back in time with Linda and Willy. We see that her support of Willy has endured the test of time, as have his inconsistencies. The younger Linda asks, â€Å"Did you sell anything?† (1224) At first Willy says, â€Å"I did five hundred gross in Providence and seven hundred gross in Boston.† (1224) Linda wants to tabulate his commission so she retrieves a pencil and paper from her apron pocket. She â€Å"number-crunches† and replies, â€Å"Two hundred—my God! Two hundred and twelve dollars!† (1225) Once he realizes that there will be an expectation to produce that money, he back-peddles and says, â€Å"Well, I didn’t figure it yet, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1225) She is persistent, â€Å"How much did you do?† Then a more realistic figure emerges, â€Å"Well, I—I did—about a hundred and eighty gross in Providence. Well, no—it came to—roughly two hundred gross on the whole trip.† (1225) As easily as Linda can do the math, so can we. Willy’s original report claims approximately 1,200 gross. When realistically his entire trip probably netted 200 gross. If we are inclined to believe that estimate as honest, he has overinflated his sales by six times the actual amount. After realizing that the actual commission amount is not enough to cover the monthly expenses, a dialogue ensues that reveals another incongruence and his insecurity. Willy states, â€Å"Oh, I’ll knock them dead next week. I’ll go to Hartford. I’m very well liked in Hartford. You know, the trouble is Linda, people don’t seem to take to me.† (1225) Again, in the same sentence he contradicts himself. I think we can all relate to feeling â€Å"less than† at some point in our lives. Since, I know I can, his previous and following statement elicits empathy on my part. He claims that people are laughing at him when he goes to his sales calls. He doesn’t know the reason, he is just aware. Linda’s perpetual support of Willy continues, â€Å"Oh, don’t be foolish† and â€Å"Why? Why would they laugh at you? Don’t talk that way, Willy†. (1225) She continues to console him and coddles his fragile ego by replying, â€Å"But you’re doing wonderful, dear. You’re making seventy to a hundred dollars a week.† (1225) There is something to admire about her positive outlook. Willy continues to share his feelings about his diminished sense of self-worth. This time, it comes from his critique of his physical image, â€Å"I’m fat. I’m very foolish to look at, Linda. I didn’t tell you, but Christmas time I happened to be calling on F.H. Stewarts, and a salesman I know, as I was going in to see the buyer, I heard him say something about—walrus. And I—I cracked him right across the face. I won’t take that. I simply will not take that. But they do laugh at me. I know that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1226) I would like to draw your attention to the opening scene where Linda cautions Willy about his temper. We are now in the past, and we have a tangible example of Willy’s temper. In this case, it has even erupted into violence. Linda doesn’t even bat an eye when he tells her that he hit someone. Instead, she is the constant pillar that supports his ego, â€Å"Willy, darling, you’re the handsomest man in the worl d—† (1226) Really, Linda? I can’t imagine my husband telling me he hit someone and not be compelled to probe him further about the incident. Through Willy’s reminiscent daydreams, we hear the laughter of a woman, who will later be revealed as â€Å"The Woman†, his mistress. (1226) Willy has just added another criteria to analyze him against. He is unfaithful to his committed and loving wife. Until now, I could sympathize with Willy’s insecurities, even understand his need to overinflate his earnings and maybe even relate to his temper. But, positioned against my own moral standards, I don’t care for a womanizer. Nor would I make an exception if the roles were reversed. He pulls away from the memory and declares, â€Å"You’re the best there is, Linda, you’re a pal, you know that?Ã'  On the road—on the road I want to grab you sometimes and just kiss the life outa you.† (1226) Anyone who understands simple psychology realizes that it is guilt that moves him to profess affection for his wife. Yet, a key term he uses provides insight to how he actually views her, â€Å" you’re a pal†. These words cannot be misconstrued to mean: I love you, you mean the world to me, and I can’t wait to rush home to you. As a matter of fact, he retreats into his memories and we spend time with â€Å"The Woman†. In this brief moment we can conclude that his mistress provides an outlet when he’s on the road, she fuels his ego, and she suits his purpose by being able to send him directly into the buyers. In return, he fulfills her material need for stockings. (1227) Back from his memory of â€Å"The Woman†, we are still in the past where he is remembering a scene of Linda mending her stockings. He commands her to throw them away. Although we already know Biff and Happy from their own earlier dialogues and Willy’s memories (which I did not address), it is here that Linda provides insight into younger Biff. She tells Willy that Biff must return a football that he stole from the school, and that he is also too rough with the neighborhood girls. (1227) Willy is annoyed with Biff and he explodes at Linda when she urges him to do something about Biff’s behavior. (1228). It is important to know, all of Willy’s past memories and mumblings have occurred while he went down to the kitchen for that glass of milk. Finally, we arrive at the kitchen, in the present. This part does not include Linda. Yet, I find it important to include because this exchange contains a missed opportunity. Not that there weren’t several others. Happy comes down to check on Willy. He finds his father mumbling, and out of concern and sadness, Happy tells him that he will financially provide for the rest of Willy’s life. In expressing his frustration with Happy’s claim to â€Å"retire† him for life, Willy makes an explicit cry for help, â€Å"You’ll retire me for life on seventy goddam dollars a week? And your women and your car and your apartment, and you’ll retire me for life! Christ’s sake, I couldn’t get past Yonkers today! Where are you guys, where are you? The woods are burning! I can’t drive a car!† (1228) And there it is! A desperate, agonizing plea for attention, ‘Where are you guys? The woods are burning!’. He realizes his condition, he is begging to be acknowledged, begging for attention, and begging for help! He feels alone in his suffering. I could imagine his desperation, and we would not be human if we too did not feel his pain. The neighbor, Charley enters, and Happy is sent away. In the interest of focusing on Linda, we will fast forward through this part. Yet, during Charley’s visit and through Willy’s memories, we meet an influential character in Willy’s life (his successful brother Ben). Charley leaves after a heated round of cards. Yet, we remain in the kitchen while Willy heads outside. Linda comes looking for Willy in the kitchen. Both boys come down to discuss their father’s apparent troubling condition. Instead of addressing it, she scolds them both for being judgmental of their father. Happy transfers his anger onto Biff and blames his father’s condition on Biff’s failures. This scene foreshadows the underlying trouble between Biff and his father. Linda asks Biff, â€Å"Why are you so hateful to each other? Why is that?† (1235) Biff is reluctant to admit that he is resentful towards his father. She cautions that one day the boys will try to come home and there will be strangers in the house. Biff replies, â€Å"What are you talking about? You’re not even sixty, Mom.† She reminds him that his father is not doing well and goes on to say, â€Å"Biff, dear, if you don’t have any feeling for him, then you can’t have any feeling for me.† (1235) This is an endearing symbol that all families are interconnected, and we each play an integral role. In a passionate plea she proclaims, â€Å"You can’t just come to see me, because I love him.† She goes on to acknowledge Willy’s character flaw, â€Å"I know he’s not easy to get along with—nobody knows that better than me—but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1235) Willy enters the kitchen and he is delighted to see Biff. His erratic behavior is puzzling, and Biff asks, â€Å"What the hell is the matter with him?† Linda defends Willy, as if from a physical threat, â€Å"Don’t—don’t go near him!† Out of disgust, Biff snaps, â€Å"Stop making excuses for him! He always, always wiped the floor with you. Never had an ounce of respect for you.† (1235) This is a loaded, emotional and hurtful comment. But, we will easily unpack why Biff feels that his father has not cherished his mother. Another scene, that does not directly involve Linda, is a mandatory addition. Nearing the end, we come to know that the younger Biff caught his father with â€Å"The Woman† in a hotel, while his father was on a business trip. (1267) The experience grants Biff a moment of clarity, it also permanently shatters his image of his father. Ultimately, she is the measure that Biff judges his father by. In that hotel room, the reality of his father’s pretentious persona crystallizes. He calls him a liar, and a fake. (1268) We will come to understand that this pivotal moment created a fissure that could never be filled. Inevitably, it altered the chain of events in Biff and Willy’s lives, not to mention Linda’s. They remain distant from that moment forward. Poor Linda is never directly told about the affair, which is the sole reason of why Biff resents his father, and the ultimate reason that has caused Willy to be so depressed. The most important detail I have saved for last. As I first claimed, I found Linda to be the most important woman that brings Willy into perspective for us. Early on, Linda confesses to her boys that Willy has deliberately smashed the car on two separate occasions, (1237) and that she has found a hose in the basement that he intended to connect to a gas line. Just prior she delivers a very heartfelt command to her boys. For us, Linda sums Willy up, â€Å"Willy Loman never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. He’s not the finest character that ever lived. But he’s a human being, and a terrible thing is happening to him. So attention must be paid. He’s not to be allowed to fall into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention must be finally paid to such a person.† (1236) There we have it, Willy has attempted suicide and continues to be tormented with his ideations. Unfortunately, his final suicide attempt is successful. What a strange word, ‘successful’ can be when used to describe death by suicide. But, in Willy’s mind, through death he could attain financial success, make a lasting impression with his sons (mainly Biff) another form of success to Willy, leave 20K for Linda (huge success), and have everyone acknowledge him with a big â€Å"send off† (success in the form of recognition). As we know, in the end, it did not play out that way. The few people in attendance did not view his death as a success. What he left behind was pain.

Ray Percival

I think that Ray Percival's article, â€Å"Malthus and His Ghost: When He Formulated His Theory, Malthus Ignored the Ingenuity of Man† (August. 18), in which he attempts to silence the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus and his pro-population-control fanatics, the neo-Malthusians is a work of art. Paul Ehrlich and the other nay-sayers portray man as a gluttonous consumer. Yet, by default, every healthy human being is born with two hands every stomach comes with two hands attached. As Ray Percival asserts, by producing more than he consumes man has worked his way up from the near-universal poverty that was his fate two centuries ago. In my opinion, only one argument in Percival's article needs to be revised. In his dismissal of Ehrlich's simple-minded declaration that â€Å"more people = more famine,† he suggests that there have been â€Å"at most 15 million famine deaths† in this century. In fact, there has been nearly twice that in China alone. Most of which occurred from 1959 to 1962, following the Great Leap Forward, a campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and early 1960 to organize its vast population, especially in large-scale rural communes, to address China's industrial and agricultural problems. It was the scheming of men, not the impulses of nature that led to mass starvation after the Great Leap Forward. This, of course, is a familiar story, told in the Ukrainian famine, the Cambodian famine. We live in an age in which governments, more specifically one-party Communalist rà ©gimes, deliberately cause famines. Percival's optimism about the ability of free human populations to feed them could not be more accurate: it takes significant malicious geniuses to create economic systems and policies which render people incapable of providing for their basic needs. The population-control advocates have come to treat their body of belief more like a religious system than a scientific theory. It is impossible to convince anyone operating within neo-Malthusian constraints of its falsity by rational or pragmatic argument otherwise. They are intensely hardened in their narrow-mindedness by the abundance of funds to which they have access, since they have managed to convince many governments and foundations that they hold the key to mankind's success as a species: reducing the numbers of living, breathing and loving human beings.

When Is the June SAT Should You Take It

When Is the June SAT Should You Take It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As some people are preparing for summer, others are preparing for the SAT. If you’re a junior thinking of taking the SAT before senior year, the June SAT can give you a chance to raise your scores and get a head start on the college application process. In this article, we'll tell you everything you need to know about the June SAT, including when it is, when its registration deadlines are, and when scores are expected to come out. We’ll also give you a detailed list of the pros and cons of the June SAT to help you decide whether this test date is ultimately right for you. When Is the June SAT? Here is the schedule for the upcoming June SAT, with all of the critical dates you should know: Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline Waitlist Deadline Deadline for Changes June 6, 2020 May 8, 2020 May 19, 2020 (by mail) or May 27, 2020 (online or by phone) June 1, 2020 May 27, 2020 Source: The College Board The June SAT is only available to those taking the exam in the U.S. For international test takers, the regular SAT will not be administered in June; however, SAT subject tests will be administered. To register for the June SAT, you must pay an SAT registration fee of either $64.50 (with the optional Essay) or $49.50 (without the Essay). The June SAT registration deadline is Friday, May 8, or about a month before the test. If you miss the June SAT registration deadline, you may still register for the exam as long as you do so by the late registration deadline, which is Wednesday, May 27. Late registration requires a late fee of $30 (in addition to the general registration fee). If you miss both the June SAT registration deadline and the late registration deadline, you may still be able to take the test by signing up for the SAT waitlist. Note that this does not guarantee you a spot on test day. The waitlist deadline is Monday, June 1- just five days before test day. If you are admitted on test day, you must pay a $53 waitlist fee. After the standby deadline has passed, you will not be able to register or get on the standby list for the June SAT. When Will June SAT Scores Be Available? Your June SAT scores will be available to you online beginning July 15. At that time, you may also access your scores by phone; however, this service costs $15 per call. Some test takers may receive their scores a little later due to processing delays, irregularities in test administrations, etc. So if you don’t get your scores right away, don’t freak out! Chances are the College Board is simply struggling to keep up. For updates on score delays, you can contact the College Board at 1 (866) 756-7346. Colleges you wrote in for your four free score reports will be sent your June SAT scores electronically within a week of you receiving your score. When your colleges actually receive and process your June SAT scores, however, ultimately depends on how quickly the College Board sends scores and how your colleges choose to process these scores. Some schools may not process SAT scores until a week after receiving them, so always gives your colleges ample time to process your SAT scores well before college application deadlines. Luckily, June SAT scores should face few, if any, difficulties getting to your colleges on time. Normally, we recommend taking the SAT no later than five weeks before your application deadlines (and no later than seven weeks before your deadlines if you think you'll need to order additional score reports). So for the June SAT, the earliest deadline you could theoretically work with would be around July 8. But summer deadlines are indubitably rare; in fact, the vast majority of U.S. college application deadlines are in late autumn and early winter. The most common regular decision deadline is January 1, and the most common early action/early decision deadlines are November 1 and 15. For schools offering rolling admissions, application season can start as early as September 1, with most priority deadlines falling around mid-autumn. So what does all of this mean for you? Your June SAT scores are essentially guaranteed to arrive well before your college applications are due, no matter where you apply or which decision plan you elect to do. Phew! Pros and Cons of Taking the June SAT Still deciding whether to take the June SAT? Here are some of the major pros and cons of the end-of-school-year testing session. ' Pros of Taking the June SAT June SAT scores will for sure arrive on time for regular decision and early action plans. Many students take the SAT at the beginning of senior year in a last-ditch effort to improve their SAT scores, but the October, November, and December test dates can't always guarantee your scores will arrive at your schools on time, especially if you’re applying early action. Because June SAT scores are sent out around mid-July, you can rest assured your schools will have plenty of time to process your scores. It allows you to get the SAT out of the way before starting your college applications. If you take the June SAT as a junior and do well on it, you won’t have to take it again your senior year- and therefore won’t have to deal with the stress of juggling both college apps and studying for an exam. It gives you more time and flexibility than other test dates. With the June SAT, you won't have to study during your (likely stressful) senior year; you'll also have the entire summer to study should you decide to retake the SAT in August or October. So compared to other test dates (namely those in August, October, November, and December), the June SAT offers far more flexibility, giving you a better chance of securing a high SAT score. Cons of Taking the June SAT You’ll have to study for the SAT during finals and AP exams. Unfortunately, end-of-year tests are numerous- and squeezing in an SAT on top of this might end up burning you out. If you’re someone who gets easily overwhelmed or finds it challenging to study for multiple tests at once, opt for an earlier SAT test date in May or a later one in August or October. It may conflict with your SAT subject tests. Those who need to take SAT subject tests should do so in June, as you'll have just finished your AP courses and everything you learned will be fresh in your mind. Because you can't take both subject tests and the regular SAT on the same day, this means it'll be better for you to move the regular SAT to a different date. On a related note, if your SAT subject tests are only offered on the June date (i.e., you’re taking the German, Modern Hebrew, Latin, and/or Italian subject tests), you’ll have to take them in June no matter what! June SAT Recap This year's June SAT is scheduled for Saturday, June 6, 2020. The registration deadline is May 8, and the late registration deadline, as well as the deadline for changes, is May 27 (May 19 if registering by mail). The College Board will release June SAT scores to test takers starting July 15 and to schools within a week after that. Some schools may take up to a week to process SAT scores, but regardless your scores should make it to your schools well before any college application deadlines. To determine whether the June SAT is right for you, make sure you consider important factors such as your application deadlines, finals, AP exams, and SAT subject tests. What’s Next? Want to learn more about SAT test dates? Check out our guide to the 2019-20 SAT test dates and get expert advice on when you should take the SAT. Need help studying for the SAT? Create a foolproof SAT study plan with our step-by-step guide. And for tips and strategies, take a look at our 21 top SAT tricks you can use while studying and on test day. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

[Ethics and Criminal Punishment] Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

[Ethics and Criminal Punishment] - Assignment Example tudied that the reason behind retentionists claim regarding capital punishment is that they believe that by banning it, more and more welfare can be increased within the society by large (Rosner, 2003). However, on the other hand, the abolitionist considers that there is an avid need of strict measures to be taken against the criminals because the rising percentage of corruption and crime in any society of the world is alarming. It is actually going to result in international criminal context. Therefore, it is easier to note that both the school of thoughts is majorly different from each other on the basis of the ethical systems that they follow (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2015). I would provide an agreement with the thoughts that have been well crafted in the post of my classmate. The aspect of re-integrative and integrative shaming remains very critical tool that has been used in the crime and justice department. Its significance has been well evaluated in the post as it is a theoretical body of

7 best countries to visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

7 best countries to visit - Essay Example With regard to expenses, America is relatively expensive. Regarding the type of company one may accompany it is suited both for group and family tour. Best times to visit the country are mostly around September. Shopping zones are plenty few of the mention worthy are Rodeo Drive, Michigan Avenue, Nicollet Avenue, NW 23rd avenue. Other attractive places are historic places, statue of liberty, casinos ( las Vegas), Manhattan and various other places. Washington D.C is its capital city. Located in the South Eastern part of Asia .its currency is India Rupee. Transportation means that are adopted both locally and internationally include airways, railways, in town Rickshaws mostly in usage .It is relatively cheap with regard to the spending and visiting places. It is purely suited for family outings since the culture is more so eastern. Best times to visit the country is Spring around February onwards.Shopping zones are Dil Hatt, Chandi Chowk, Connaught Place, Hauz Khas, Atria Millennium Mall. Attractive places: Taj Mehal Agra, Shimla, Kashmir, and many others. New Delhi is its capital city. Its currency s Qatar Riyal . Transportation means employed locally and internationally are Qatar Airways, Railways ( state of the art), Luxury cars. It is relatively expensive with regard to the spending. It is family oriented and can be best suited to family outings. Best times to visit the country are November to May. Places to visit are Doha, Ras Laffan, Halul Island. Shopping zones are AL Khor mall, Lagoona Mall, Safari Hypermarket. 4-Thailand: Its currency is Thai Baht. Transportation means employed are Airlines ( thai Airways), Bus, Cycles in town, Tuks tuks . It is Relatively affordable with regard to other countries like America or European countries. It is suited both for Family and group. Best times to visit the country are November to February. Temperatures around 20 degree centigrade. Places to

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gun Control - Essay Example They argue that it would assist them in fighting for their security. Opponents present with arguments that increased availability of guns would result in the falling of the weapons in the wrong hands and would therefore bring harm rather than benefit to the nation. The subject of gun control remains controversial in the United States and different rulings and researches have been conducted with regard to the matter of gun control. According to the National Vital statistics many people succumb to injuries resulting from guns and the data from the year 2001 alone highlighted the fact that 11,001 people lost their lives owing to firearm shots from criminals. In the same year, 16,455 people resorted to suicide by using guns. The great number of fatalities that result due to firearms has led to the marking of guns as the second death causing reason in the United States. Furthermore, it has been seen in the history of the country that many great figures have lost their lives due to firearm injuries. The killing of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy who were killed in the year 1968 uphold this fact. Despite of these findings, an interesting finding that has been presented is that the number of people who die to due firearm injuries has reduced after the year 1993 owing to the relaxation in gun control laws following this year (Gold 2004; Valdez 2003). The first and the most important ruling with regard to gun control got passed in the United States in the year 1939 by the Supreme Court of the country. According to the ruling the possession of firearms was restricted and personal firearms were not to be issued. The ruling has been subjected to many arguments since that time and it has undergone many changes since that period. Opponents of this ruling use the Second Amendment in their favor as according to this Amendment, "A well regulated militia, being necessary

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 29

Economics - Essay Example At this specific combination of price and quantity, both the agents are maximizing their self interests, keeping in mind the other agent’s behavior and satisfying the condition of Pareto-Optimality (Google Docs, page 57-58). A competitive market is identified by three main characteristics: many consumers and many sellers, freedom of choice under the umbrella of perfect information, and the assumption that the agents have a rational behavior in determining their choice, which essentially maximizes their self-interests. To ensure optimality of outcome, the existence of externalities is unacceptable (Howard, 1994, page 384) The market model of a competitive market is thus based on the general assumption that industries seek to maximize their profits, and therefore are competitive. However, given the condition that a single firm is just one part of the many firms in the market, it is projected that it cannot affect the price of the commodity which in this case is ‘the rainwater tanks’. Hence an individual seller is just a price taker, it can be rightly said that it faces a flat demand curve (John and Akila, 2009, page 246) Referring to the diagram (perfect competition) below, the Supply Curve (Ms) interacts with the Demand Curve (Md) in the Industry model, to determine the equilibrium price which is P1, that will become the demand curve of an individual firm i.e. the flat line AR=MC in the Individual Firm model. The quantity supplied by the individual firm is Q1, and the quantity supplied by the overall industry would be the amount on the x-axis (Industry Output), corresponding to P1. The shaded area denoting the profit of any individual firm is an assumption based on the consideration that the supplier has an average cost below the price; However, depending upon every individual firm’s own capacity to supply rainwater tanks and the respective average costs they face, they shall determine their supply curve, and all the individual

AirAsia Planning and Decision Making

AirAsia Planning and Decision Making This is the logo and the organization which I interested and I want to intro the planning process and Decision Making in this company. It is one of the famous company in Malaysia. Asias leading airline was established with the dream of making flying possible for everyone. Since 2001, AirAsia has swiftly broken travel norms around the globe and has risen to become the worlds best. With a route network that spans through more than 20 countries, AirAsia continues to pave the way for low-cost aviation through our innovative solutions, efficient processes and a passionate approach to business. Together with our associate companies, AirAsia X, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia, They are set to take low-cost flying to an all new high with our believe, Now Everyone Can Fly. Planning is one of the most important project management and management techniques. Planning is preparing a sequence of action steps to achieve some specific goal. If you do it effectively, you can reduce much the necessary time and effort of achieving the goal. The important of planning involves like defining organization goals, establish strategies to achieve goals,and develop plans to integrate coordinate work activities. A plan is like a map. When following a plan, you can always see how much you have progressed towards your project goal and how far you are from your destination. Knowing where you are is essential for making good decisions on where to go or what to do next. The most important to ensure that everyone is clear of what to accomplish. Planning is also crucial for meeting your needs during each action step with your time, money, or other resources. With careful planning you often can see if at some point you are likely to face a problem. It is much easier to adjust your plan to avoid or smoothen a coming crisis, rather than to deal with the crisis when it comes unexpected time. Example Air Asia plans to expand their operations in Europe, so they consultation to the Government of French . They has been granted landing rights in Paris and is awaiting further details from authorities. The mission in Air Asia got four major point. The first point is to be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family. Then the second point is create a globally recognized ASEAN brand. The third point is to attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia and the last point is Maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service levels. They had achieved the goals but the second point they havent achieved it because in this strong competitive era , too many company like Malaysia Airlines and Tiger Airways also want to be the globally recognized ASEAN brand, but they will work hard to achieve their goals. Type of plan The first type of plan is strategic plans. It is long term and apply to entire organization. It also a broad plans. This type of plan is made by the top management for the whole organization such as CEO, COO, and other. This plan is usually done for 5 years and above Example, Air Asia CEO planning want to take more route in 5 years. The second type of plan is tactical plans. It is a short term goal and basically focus on the problems of resource allocation. This plan is made by middle level management such as manager. It done for a period of 1-5 years. Example, they want to buy more bigger airplane in 4 years. The third type of plan is operational plan. It is encompass particular operational area of the organization. It cover short time period. This plan developed by first line manager such as supervisor. Example, their goal is a daily capacity of 3 million. The fourth type of plan is long term plan. It is plan with time frames extending beyond 3 years. This plan usually use to making research or market research. The fifth type of plan is short term plan. It is plans that are clearly defined and no room for interpretation. Example, they promotion and discount the ticket to let more people can fly. Planning process The step one of planning process is set objectives which means establish objective and targets while taking into consideration such as mission, strategic plans/goals, environment, and availability of resources. In Air Asia have set their objective like made their ticket price more cheaper and provide better service. They step two of planning process is analyze and evaluate the environment. Once objectives are established, manager must analyze their current situation and environment (internal external)to determine what resources are available. Internal environment included such as raw material, machine/ equipments , finance ,money ,and other. External environment included PEST which is policies, economic, social, technology and competitor. Air Asia analyze and evaluate the environment after set their objectives like do survey. The step three of planning process is identify alternatives which means list down as many alternatives as possible to reach the goals. Air Asia list many alternatives like connect to other company, let their worker learn more language and upgrade their facility. The step four of planning process is evaluate the alternatives which means evaluate all alternatives to determine which combination of alternatives is the most effective and efficient to achieve the goals. For each alternatives, manager will look at the advantages or disadvantages. Air Asia will try all alternatives and identify before see which is the best. The step five of planning process is select the best solution which is select the best alternatives that gives most advantages and fewest disadvantages.Air Asia choose the best solution is upgrade their facility so that can let their customer more comfortable. The step six of planning process is implementing the plan which means decide who will be involved determine, what resources need, how the plan be evaluated and how reporting will be handled. If Air Asia want make their customer more comfortable, then the best away is buy the new and bigger airplane. The last step is controlling and evaluating the result which means monitor to ensure plan is going according to expectations and make necessary adjustment, if needed.Chart.png Factors of effective planning There are some factors of Air Asia to make an effective planning to let them success. The first is fatten the organizational hierarchy to foster development of planning skills at all level of organization. It can made the company more systematization. The other is practice MBO(management by objective) -technique that emphasize collaboration objective setting by managers and subordinates which means if CEO and other department can effective work together and strengthen their worker then the company sure will be a best company in the world. The third is encourage employees at all levels to provide feedback and suggestions for planning that means the company see their employees are treated equally. The four is develop plan that are specific but flexible which means although the company made the plan to achieve goal ,if got some problem must change and discuss, dont rigid to follow the original plan. The five is must acquire facts and information that are current and reliable to be accurate in planning that will be made the CEO accurate to made a good plan to their compan y. The last is develop contingency plans and strategies. It is the very important effective away that can be immediately correspondence when the company got some emergency. The problem of Air Asia In 2008-2009, Air Asia got many problem that made their company loss. There some issue that are involved for that company whereby they are unable to achieve their goal. The first one is mission statement objectives of organization are not clear and precise enough for planning which means the company not follow their step to achieve the goals , it will affect all organization progress, example Air Asia want charge the several fees if customer booking already the ticket but suddenly want change. Although it is rational but some time some customer change their ticket but no need charge the fees, so they not accurate and not follow the mission. The other is some managers are not experiences in planning. It is because the plans always decide by the to management , not by middle management, so if suddenly want manager to decide plan will made some mistake . Some managers have negatives thinking of planning as they think planning is costly, time consuming waste of time. Air Asia sometime will think that plans will use many costly and if the plan no success will wasting time , so in 2008 their company did not get mush profit. After the end of 2009, Air Asia made a different decision that is change a manager and CEO . The other away is set a new objective and effective to follow the goal that is the first important thing. Example they want reception customer about 100million a day. Decision Making Decision making can be regarded as the mental processes resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. It can making a choice from two or more alternatives. Identify problems or opportunities, developing alternatives , choosing an alternative and implementing it. Decision making also is performed by all level of management in an organization. Type of Decision The first type of decision is organizational decision which means made by managers within their authority in accordance with organizational such as goals, policies, procedures, and strategies. Example ,Air Asia wan to be a globally recognized ASEAN brand. The second type of decision is personal decision which means made based on managers personal choice and preference. Example ,the Air Asia s manager made two plan like upgrade the facility first or training the worker first, then CEO choose the one he like. The third type of decision is strategies decision which means deals with long term plans which is important for growth and survival of organization. Example , Air Asia need to plan a long term plan to achieve goals in this period of economic instability. The four type of decision is tactical decision which means deals with routine and operational activities. Example manger need to deals the operational activities such as system failure, the environment, and other . The five type of decision is programmed decision which means repetitive decision that can be handled by routine approach. It using when the problem being resolved straightforward, involve goals that are clear, and information about problem is available and complete. Example Air Asia use in policy, procedure, and rule. The last type of decision is un-programmed decision which means unique and non-recurring or generate unique responses. It use when the problem are new and unusual and when the information is incomplete. Decision Making Process Decision making process is very important to any company The step one of decision making process is identifying the problem . It is obstacle that males achieving a desired goal or purpose difficult. It also must be know that problem the organization facing and characteristics of the problem. Example Air Asia want lower fares or not . The step two of decision making process is identifying decision criteria which means factors that are important to resolving the problem. Example price, distance, customer, location ,and time. The step three of decision making process is allocating weights to the criteria. Assigning a weight to each item places the items in the correct priority order of their importance in the decision making process. Example customer is the first, then is distance , price, time, and the last is location. The step four of decision making process is developing alternatives. Alternatives are listed without evaluation that can resolve the problem. Manager look for as many alternatives to solve the problem. Example list down their competitor such as Malaysia Airlines , Tiger Airway and other. The step five of decision making process is analyzing alternatives. Analyze and evaluate each alternatives and find out their advantages or disadvantages. Example identify advantages or disadvantages of lower fares. The step six of decision making process is selecting an alternatives. Choose the best alternatives and with the highest total weight and with the most advantages fewest disadvantages. Example lower fares can make more customer come to buy , location no far than 700km, time about 2-3 hours. The step seven of decision making process is implementing the decision. Putting the chosen alternatives into action. Example Air Asia choose is lower the fares. The step eight of decision making process is evaluating decision effectiveness which means monitor or provide feedback on how well the decision has been implemented or is there any adjustment and corrective action need. Example Air Asia lower fares because can made more customer buy and increase profit. Creating Environment for Effective Decision Making The first of effective decision making is provide time for decision to be made which means manager should not rush and be pushed to make a decision, especially crucial. Negotiate more time and make good quality decision. Example when Air Asia airplane got some emergency problem , then manger should made a clear decision to solve the problem. The second of effective decision making is have self confidence which means managers must have self confidence and courage especially when making risky. Example manager must have self confidence when decide a high risk plan . The third of effective decision making is encourage others to make decision which means managers should trust subordinates and allow them to make decision. This will get their commitment when they are involved. Example manager must trust their worker or employee when they made some decision. The fourth of effective decision making is learn from past decisions which means managers should look at decision that worked and decision that did not use them as a guide. Example Air Asia need to see the decision first then decide want training their worker or not. Making Decision to be Ineffective decision The first point of making decision to be ineffective decision is time pressure which means not enough time to decision then will made mistake . The second point of making decision to be ineffective decision is limited amount of available information or incomplete information. Sometime some manager cant not get incomplete information so he will made wrong decision. The third point of making decision to be ineffective decision is higher levels of uncertainty in todays business environment. Conclusion After I research this company ,I learn more about planning and making decision. In my opinion, any company must be planning and decision making because if any company loss any one , will made the company not direction, no achieve goals, and other. And the last is must made customer happy because customer is always right. C:UsersMichaelDesktopnewINTIuc logo.jpg Name Lim Kok Hui Student ID I10005487 Program DBAD Course Code MGT1101 Section 5SS1 Lecturers Name Hardjinder Kaur A/P Balbir Singh Submission Date 14/6/2010 Aims: To help course participants consider the fundamental areas within management. Select an organization with which you are either interested or familiar with and write a 2,000 word essay on any 2 areas of the organization within the following areas: Planning and Decision Making Process